Regular Verbs Uniformity in Changing Tense of a Verb

In English grammar, a regular verb is a  verb that forms its verb tenses, especially the  past tense  and  past participle, by adding one in the set of generally accepted standardized suffixes. Regular verbs are conjugated by adding either -d, -ed, -ing, or -s to its base form, unlike irregular verbs which have special rules for conjugation. The majority of English verbs are regular. These are the principal parts of regular verbs: The  base form: the  dictionary  term for a word like walk.The -s form: used in the singular third person, present tense  like walks.The -ed form: used in the past tense and past participle  like walked.The -ing form: used in the present participle  like walking. Regular verbs are predictable and always function the same regardless of the speaker, though oftentimes English as an Alternative Language speakers will mix up these verbs with irregular ones and attempt to conjugate them incorrectly. Colloquially, too, some native English speakers will conjugate irregular verbs like run incorrectly as regular verbs, inventing words like runned instead of the correct ran. Observations and Commonality Regular verbs are the more common of the two forms of verbs in the English language with the list of accepted regular verbs essentially open-ended, including tens of thousands of words in the dictionary that qualify. Steven Pinker describes regular verbs in Words and Rules as ever-evolving, with new ones being added to language constantly. He uses the additions of words like spam (flood with E-mail), snarf (download a file), mung (damage something), mosh (dance in roughhouse fashion), and Bork (challenge a political nominee for partisan reasons) to illustrate that even when new words are added we already assume their past-tense forms saying of these examples past-tenses that we all deduce that they are  spammed, snarfed, munged,  moshed,  and  Borked. All verbs come with what David J. Young calls an inflectional paradigm consisting of either four or five forms in his book Introducing English Grammar. For example, the base word fix has the forms fix, fixes, fixed, fixed and fixing to express different participles and tenses while grow has grow, grows, grew, grown, and growing. In the former, this set applies to most verbs and can, therefore, be called regular verbs, with no difference between the third and fourth items. Modern English Morphology Perhaps because of the ease of this interpretation of language and the nature of language to evolve, many of the hundreds of strong irregular verbs in Old English havent survived to the modern vernacular, which are instead now routinely co-opted to be inflected as regular verbs. Edward Finegan describes in Language: Its Structure and Use, that of the 333 strong verbs of Old English, only 68 continue as irregular verbs in Modern English. This, he says, is due to a colloquial or jargon usage being perpetuating as the most common form. Such words as burned, brewed, climbed and flowed are now commonly accepted forms of regular verbs which once functioned as irregular. On the other hand, Finegan also says that more than a dozen weak verbs have become irregular verbs in the history of English, including dive, which has developed a past-tense form dove alongside the historical form dived. Other such examples include drug for dragged, wore for weared, spat for spitted, and dug for digged.

Motivation Students With Learning Disabilities - 886 Words

Motivation in Students with Learning Disabilities Rizka Puspitarani (3490616) What is Learning Disability? Learning disabilities (LD), or in some clinical cases called specific learning disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder which the individual is experiencing difficulties in learning and using academic skills (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Person with LD usually shows at least one difficulty in literacy (i.e.: inaccurate or slow and takes effort to read, difficult to understand the meaning of what he/she reads, difficult to spell words, or difficult with written expression) or in numerical reasoning (i.e.: number sense, calculation, or mathematical reasoning). Dyslexia and dyscalculia are the examples of specific cases in LD. The prevalence of school-age children with LD is 5%-15% of the population across different language and cultures with males have higher risk than females (2:1 to 3:1); while the prevalence of adults with LD is approximately 4%. The prognostic factors of LD might because of genetic factors or environmental factors (i.e.: premature, low birth weight, o r nicotine exposure during prenatal). How is motivation in students with LD? Number of studies had examined motivation in students with LD. The results show that motivation score is lower in children with LD (Grolnick Ryan, 1990; Lincoln Chazan, 1979). In Grolnick and Ryan study (1990), both teacher and students themselves reported significantly less autonomous and less motivated thanShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : Special Education1432 Words   |  6 Pages Motivation in special education students Abdulelah Alqahtani EDUC 5501 December 2th, 2015 Dr. Dunham Author: Abdulelah Alqahtani Department of education, Shawnee State University alqahtania@mymail.shawnee.edu Abstract This paper provides a brief summary of special education services and explains how special education teachers can motivate their students in many different ways. 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Nursing and Work Schedule/job Placement Free Essays

Nursing Nursing is a wise career option, it is a career that allows you to help save people’s lives, and bring cheer and comfort to those in need. The nursing career is very gratifying and rewarding in terms of the joys it brings to those who need your help. There are three main reasons that caused me to choose nursing as my field of choice: you are trusted with others’ lives, you are continuously learning new things, and you can make a flexible work schedule/job placement opportunities. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing and Work Schedule/job Placement or any similar topic only for you Order Now One main reason that caused me to choose nursing is that nurses are trusted with extremely sensitive information and they have to do things by the rules and maintain confidentiality. As a nurse, you must be able to analyze a patient’s pathology and diagnostic test results to decide on how to proceed with the patient. You should be able to analyze cardiac monitor strips and start reviving a patient during emergencies. You should be able to decide within a split second which specialist to call, which equipment to turn on, and what exactly to tell a patient. You are trusted with lives, with confidential information and you have the important task of watching over the life of the patient in your care. Nursing requires a great amount of responsibility, and the thrill of it excites me. As a nurse, you have a continuous opportunity for learning. You can choose to work in different departments, study to be a medical assistant and also get into nursing management where you can grow and nurture new nurses and share your knowledge. You can make a significant impact on health care using your initiative and compassion. You can also encourage people who show compassion and caring for life to take up nursing as a career. Nursing is the ideal career for anyone who wants to be challenged continually and also want to gain knowledge pertaining to the human body, its diseases, and life challenges. A final reason that caused me to choose nursing is that many nurses choose this career because of the flexible hours and days they work. Nurses can work in hour combinations of four, six, eight, 10 and 12 each day. Nurses lso have the opportunity to work different shifts. If you had children being able to set your work schedule around what is going on in their lives would be wonderful. In addition to flexible scheduling, nurses also have a variety of job-placement opportunities like doctor offices, nursing homes, hospitals and even schools hire nurses. Between the making your own work schedule and getting to pick what kind of place you want to work, I do not understand why you would not want to be a nurse. In all if you show a commitment to learning, are willing to work hard, and above all, have the right compassion and respect for life then being a nurse might be the right career choice for you. Studying to be a nurse can be demanding and stressful, however if you just remember that you are trusted with others’ lives, and you can learn new things continuously, and you can make a difference in someone’s life, then you can make it in this field. How to cite Nursing and Work Schedule/job Placement, Essay examples

Role of Effective Communication in Planning Function Free Samples

Question What Is The Role Of Effective Communication In Planning Function? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to understand the functions of management and the role of communication for these functions. The study aims to understand how managers with better communication can benefit an organisation. Background Management involves administration of the various function of an organisation. This organisation can be a business, not for profit or a Government organisation (Raduki, 2016). Management involves setting up organisational objectives, setting strategies and coordinating resources to archive the objectives. Organisational communication helps in performance of basic functions of an organisation. Communication helps in coordination and planning (Eskelinen, Rajahonka, Santti, Villman, 2016). Management functions provide a sense of direction and a roadmap to an organisation and communication makes travelling on that road easier. Therefore, managerial communication is essential to management functions. Scope The scope of the report covers the importance of four functions of management and the role of communication in these functions. It also includes recommendations to the CEO for importance of management communication for effective managers. Assumption and Limitations This report is based on the assumption that the management of an organisation depends on four functions and communication skills can be acquired. The limitation of the research is that management may have other functions like staffing which are not discussed. Additionally, communication may also be dependent on the internal environment of the organisation which has not been considered. Discussion The management functions Managers drive an organisation towards the attainment of goals and objectives through the management functions. According to thinkers in management there are four elementary management functions which a manager needs to conduct. These are planning, organising, directing (leading) and controlling (Conkright, 2015). Planning entails designing the objectives of an organisation and making strategies and processes to achieve these objectives. Organising involves mobilising financial, technical and human resources to make sure that the planning is executed. Directing or leading entails ensuring that the organisational goals are achieved through employee motivation and guidance with the help of role allocation. Controlling is the fourth organisational function which involves assessment of achievement of goals and objectives. It involves giving feedback and taking corrective actions so that objectives are achieved. Importance of Communication in Management Communication helps in information sharing with in an organisation which makes conduct of management functions easier (Ainsworth, 2013). Managers need effective communication in order to perform the management functions effectively. Communication can make it easier to explain things to the employees. According to Katz managers need three types of skills to perform their functions. These are technical skills, human skills and conceptualisation skills. Technical skills are required to organise the activities and manage the technical staff. Conceptual skills are needed for executing all these skills effectively (Peterson Van Fleet, 2004). A manager with good communication will be able to conceptualise better and he will be able to execute his human side more effectively. Additionally, he will be able to understand technicalities in a better way. Human skills are needed to motivate and guide the staff. Through effective communication managers can perform their duties properly. Communication helps the managers in articulating all the functions. It also helps in gathering information and conveying this information to different levels in the organisation. Effective communication skills can assist managers to plan the strategies in an organised manner. It can help managers in explaining roles to the employees. . Through effective communications managers can also direct and guide the employees (Langdon, D. G. 2016). Therefore, effective communication can help attain all the management functions. The Planning Function Planning involves creating processes and activities to attain organisational objectives (Mirela, 2016). Designing a business plan or a marketing plan is a part of the planning function of management. Planning is aimed at giving directions to the strategic objective of the organisation. It involves conceptualisation skills, talked about by Katz (Chen Huang, 2010). Basic questions that are answered through the process of strategic planning are what the organisation does, for whom they do it and how differentiation is created. By answering these questions the manager can create a well formulated plan for the achievement of objectives. Planning also involves a choice between alternative courses of action. This involves evaluation of all courses that are available to the organisation. These can be choice between two types of products to be produces, choice between markets or segmentation. Planning stage adopts one alternative and then plan is made for that alternative (Krush Makaliuk, 2014). Therefore, planning is the careful assessment of all aspects of the organisation and then designing its objectives and strategies to achieve these objectives. Role of Effective Communication in Planning Function Communication acts as a source of information for an organisation (Hawes, 2017). If a manager is well versed in effective communication methods he will be able to understand all types of information pertaining to the organisation in a better way. Additionally, if the managers know how to write and draft various plans, he will be able to articulate and convey the strategic plans in a better way. Effective communication can help in better understanding of planning by the employee. If the plan of objectives and strategies are conveyed to various departments effectively with the help of communication skills, the organisation will be able to run smoothly and work in the direction of achievement of objectives (Hawes, 2017. Lack of effective communication can lead to chaos, disorder and lack of clarity of goals. Organising Function of Management Organising is the second core function of management. Under this functions manager undertakes combining of various resources in a synchronised manner in order to attain the planning needs. These resources can be physical, financial or human resources. In this function manager needs to have technical and human skills (Nothhaft, 2010) . Through the organising function the organisation allocates role to various resources and decides how they will work towards the goals achievement. Organisation function involves various steps (Kumar, Yadav Chowdhary 2010). First among them is identification of different activities that need to be undertaken for example, making a list of activities like accounting, keeping records, quality management, sales management etc. Next step is to allocate various activities to different departments like brand management, marketing, sales, operations etc. Further, under the organising function the line of authority under each department is decided. In the organising function all the employees get a clear idea of their roles and the resources at their disposal to achieve this role objectives (Nunhes, Motta Barbosa de Oliveira, 2017). Therefore, the organising function of management helps in coordinating all resources and allocating the tasks to them so that organisational goals are achieved. Role of Communication in the Organising Function For effective administration under the organising function, managers need to have proper business communication skills (Cyphert, Dodge Duclos, 2016). Effective communication can help the manager in giving proper direction to employees regarding their roles and tasks. Manager can also collate all the activities and document processes in a better way if he has knowledge of good written and oral communication. Proper verbal and nonverbal communication can also help in improving and changing the attitude of human capital towards the tasks so that they work in a more coordinated manner for goal achievement. Communication can help the manager in organising and allocating activities to different department in an effective manner. If the manager is well versed with communication skills, he can better articulate the departmental functions and line of authority (Wardrope, 2002). Clear written communication between upper level of management and the department can reduce vagueness and give clarity to team roles. The Contorting Function of Management Controlling is checking and assessing of all the resources are functioning as per plan and all the employees are following the instructions and guidedliness given. (Ahituv, N., Zviran, M., Glezer, 1999). Controlling is an act of monetorung and evaluation of all processes in the organisation. Through proper control mechanism a manager can make sure that all the resources are being used effectively and efficiently (Ege, 2015). Controlling function helps in coordinating the resources through assessment evaluation. It helps take corrective actions and helps in further planning for the attainment of the organisational functions. Controlling also helps in management of performance through feedback mechanism. Control should be adopted by managers at all levels of the organisation. Additionally, the control mechanism adopted by an organisation and its managers should be focused on achievement of the objectives. The control function helps in rewarding high performing employees and taking corrective actions for improvement of employees who are not performing well. Corrective actions can include training plans (Raduki, 2016). Through the controlling function managers can make sure that the plan is being executed in the right manner. Role of Effective Communication for Controlling Communication can be used by managers to effectively control the organisational activities (Ainsworth, 2013). A properly documented policy on performance appraisal and feedback machinima can help the employees in carrying out their duties in a better manner. Through written communication the manager can also give a clear and constructive feedback to the employees. If the manager is well versed with business communication skills he can properly draft letter and memos for the process of control machoism in the organisation (Ainsworth, 2013). Managers who interact more with employees are able to control the employee activity in a better way (Ainsworth, 2013). Therefore, effective communication can help the manager to keep an indirect control on employees through interactive skills. Effective communication can also help the manager in giving clear and precise instruction of the corrective actions if needed. Therefore, through effective communication skills the manager can control the act ivities of the organisation so that organisational objectives are active. The Directing or Leading Function of Management Leading is another very important core function of an organisation. Leading is the act of influencing and motivating the workforce so that they work efficiently in order to achieve organisational goals. The basic aim of leadership in an organisation is to make the employee participate in the activities of the organisation so that organisational goals are realised (Paulien?, 2017). The essence of good leadership in an organisation is to use inspiration and influence so that the employees willingly execute the work. The most important activity of the directing or leading function is guiding the employee properly. The manager gives clear guidelines and instruction to employees so that they can understand the work required from him (Paulien?, 2017). Another major function of a manager in a leadership position is to motivate employees. There are various theories of employee motivation. Most thinkers believe that those leaders are successful who give respect to employees and take care of their personal needs. Therefore, Katz human skills are important for leadership. Giving proper rewards for good performance and feedback for improvement are other motivational activities that a manager in a leadership position must undertake. Many theorists also believe that employees work better in groups. Therefore, forming teams for various roles is also a function of leadership in an organisation (Selvarajah, Meyer, Roostika Sukunesan, 2017). Effective leadership can give proper direction to the organisation. I f the manager is an able leaser he will be able to inspire the employees to work harder. Role of Effective Communication in leading function Effective skill of communication is very important for a leadership position. In fact good communication skills can make or break managers leading initiatives (Mayfield Mayfield, 2017). Effective communication skills can help the leader to show confidence, extraversion and enthusiasm for attainment of the organisational vision. A leader who can articulate his thoughts well and shows energy and enthusiasm is able to inspire and influence the employees more effectively. A good leader should have good verbal, nonverbal and written communication. Good written communication skills will help a leader in producing clear and precise policies for the employees. It will also help the leader in documenting the roles of the employees well (Mayfield, Mayfield, 2017). Through a hold on effective nonverbal communication the leader can control the working environment. Leader can use effective verbal communication to motivate the employees. A word of recognition by the manager can improve employee performance. Therefore, verbal communication can go a long way in improving the effectiveness of the work. Good communication skills can help in relationship building which can improve the effectiveness of the workforce. Through effective communication the leader can work towards better people management (Mayfield, Mayfield, 2017). Communication skills can help the leader speak in a way which inspires trust between the leader and the employees. Additionally, a leader with good communication skills can use his words to inspire the employees to work harder. Communication skills make it easier for manager to create a healthy work culture in the organisation. Therefore, effective communication is very important for a manager in the leadership position. Therefore, the four management functions comprise of the core elements of the organisation. Communication can help in execution of these functions. A firm which takes care of these functions and effective communication can achieve its objectives with efficiency. Conclusion Management functions help in smooth execution of the activities of an organisation. Through these functions the organisation realises their objectives. Communication can help in coordinating all these functions effectively. Through communication managers can interact with all the employees and give directions to them regarding the work they need to do. Therefore, communication helps in smooth conduct of all the organisational activities Recommendation for effective managerial training for communication Managers need effective communication at all levels of the organisation. That is, upper level, middle level and lower level. Following are the recommendations to the CEO with regards to effective communication for managers at all levels of the organisation 1 The planning function is undertaken by the upper level management of the organisation. Hence, communication training can help managers in the upper level to articulate the plan. Communication training can also help in enhancing conceptualisation skills of the managers. Through an understanding of written and verbal communication they can articulate their thoughts regarding the organisation, its goals and vision. Effective communication skills will also make the managers better listeners and they will be able to conceptualise the ideas generated by others. 2 Both organising and controlling are functions of upper and middle level management. At this level the managers need to have an understanding of various activities which need to be done along with a comprehension of control mechanisms. Communication skills training can help the manager in creating policy documents for this purpose. Communication skills can help the managers to give direction to various departments regarding different activities. Hence, it is recommended to the CEO to provide communication skills training to managers who are involved in organising and controlling function. 3 At all levels of management the managers need to lead their teams to perform in the stipulated manner. Communication skills are very important for leadership purpose. A leader who has good communication skills can articulate his vision properly. Good communication helps in inspiring, motivating and influencing the workforce. Additionally, good communication can help a leader to give feedback in a constructive manner. Therefore, training of communication skills is essential for managers in leadership position. References Ahituv, N., Zviran, M., Glezer, C. (1999). Top Management Toolbox for Managing Corporate IT. Communications of the ACM, 42(4), 93-99. doi:10.1145/299157.299177 Ainsworth, J. (2013). Business Languages for Intercultural and International Business Communication: A Canadian Case Study. Business Communication Quarterly, 76(1), 28-50. doi:10.1177/1080569912471186 Chen, S., Huang, W. (2010). A Membership Function Approach for Aggregate production Planning Problems in Fuzzy Environments. International Journal Of Production Research, 48(23), 7003-7023. doi:10.1080/00207540903246649 Conkright, T. A. (2015). Using the Four Functions of Management for Sustainable Employee Engagement. Performance Improvement, 54(8), 15-21. Cyphert, D., Dodge, E. N., Duclos (Wilson), L. K. (2016). Developing Communication Management Skills. Business Professional Communication Quarterly, 79(4), 416-441. doi:10.1177/2329490616660815 Ege, M. S. (2015). Does Internal Audit Function Quality Deter Management Misconduct?. Accounting Review, 90(2), 495-527. doi:10.2308/accr-50871 Eskelinen, T., Rajahonka, M., Santti, U., Villman, K. (2017). Improving Internal Communication Management in SMEs: Case Study. Proceedings of ISPIM Conferences, 1-14. Hawes, D. (2017). Beppe Grillos Five Star Movement Organisation, Communication and Ideology. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 25(1), 140-141. doi:10.1080/14782804.2017.1258390 Krush, P. V., Makaliuk, I. V. (2014). Realisation of functions of Planning and Organisation in the System of management of Transaction expenses. Problems of Economy, (1), 135-141 Kumar, S., Yadav, M. S., Chowdhary, N. (2010). Organising Human Resource Management Function in Small Hospitals. Pranjana: The Journal Of Management Awareness, 13(2), 16-26. Langdon, D. G. (2016). Improving Management Communication through Job Models. Journal of Performance Improvement, 55(7), 24-31. doi:10.1002/pfi.21570 Mayfield, M., Mayfield, J. (2017). "What's Past Is Prologue": A Look at Past Leadership Communication Research With a View Toward the Future. International Journal Of Business Communication, 54(2), 107-114. doi:10.1177/2329488416687050 Mirela, B. (2016). How Feedback Control Impacts the Planning Management function. Annals of the University Of Oradea, Economic Science Series, 25(2), 504-512. Nothhaft, H (2010) Communication management as a second?order management function: Roles and functions of the communication executive results from a shadowing study, Journal of Communication Management, 14 (2), pp.127-140, doi: 10.1108/13632541011034583 Nunhes, T. V., Motta Barbosa, L. F., de Oliveira, O. J. (2017). Identification And Analysis Of the Elements And Functions Integrable in Integrated Management Systems. Journal Of Cleaner Production, 1423225-3235. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.147 Paulien?, R. (2017). Interaction between Managerial Competencies and Leadership In Business Organisations. Regional Formation Development Studies, (21), 98-108. doi:10.15181/rfds.v21i1.1412 Peterson, T. O., van Fleet, D. D. (2004). The ongoing legacy of R.L. Katz. Management Decision, 42(10), 1297-1308. doi:10.1108/00251740410568980 Raduki, D. (2016). Basic Management Functions in Culture and Arts Organisations. Journal of Management (1820-0222), 81, 59-66. doi:10.1002/pfi.21506 Selvarajah, C., Meyer, D., Roostika, R., Sukunesan, S. (2017). Exploring managerial leadership in Javanese (Indonesia) organisations: engaging Asta Brata , the eight principles of Javanese statesmanship. Asia Pacific Business Review, 23(3), 373-395. doi:10.1080/13602381.2016.1213494 Wardrope, W. J. (2002). Department Chairs' Perceptions of the Importance of Business Communication Skills. Business Communication Quarterly, 65(4), 60-72.